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OPEN-ACCESS CONCEPT PREVIEWHyperkalaemia: cardiac protection, redistribution and removal are not interchangeable.
IV calcium for hyperkalaemia with ECG changes.
It does not lower potassium.
Insulin with glucose shifts potassium intracellularly.
Monitor for hypoglycaemia.
A separate potassium-removal strategy is needed.
Seek specialist advice as indicated.
OPEN-ACCESS CONCEPT PREVIEWA structure for practice—not a fixed script, a score predictor or an official marking scheme.
Practise a fluent technique.
Keep the patient's comfort and dignity central.
State the signs you found.
Do not invent findings to complete a pattern.
Build a reasoned differential.
Justify the next investigation and management step.